Benchmarks

Performance benchmarks for SpeedyWeather.jl across architectures. This page is auto-generated at doc-build time from SpeedyWeather/benchmark/assets/benchmark_results.json, which itself is updated by SpeedyWeather/benchmark/manual_benchmarking.jl. Running the benchmark script on a new architecture adds a column to the overview table, a series to each comparison figure, and a per-architecture section to this page.

All simulations are benchmarked over several seconds (wallclock time) without output. Benchmarking excludes initialization. Timings can vary by ±50% between runs, so treat the numbers as rough rather than precise.

Overview: PrimitiveWet resolution across architectures

Simulated years per wallclock day (SYPD) for the PrimitiveWetModel resolution sweep, one column per architecture. Each (T, L) configuration is reported for both the standard Legendre transform and fast Fourier transform (LT+FFT) and the single matrix transform (MT). Empty cells (—) mean the architecture has either not been benchmarked yet or did not run that specific configuration.

T	L	Transform	cpu-arm	cpu-x86	gpu-nvidia	gpu-amd
32	8	LT+FFT	1308	862	5291	3763
32	8	MT	772	887	5211	3696
43	8	LT+FFT	559	368	4342	2149
43	8	MT	253	308	4334	2830
64	8	LT+FFT	152	107	2920	828
64	8	MT	52	63	2928	826
86	8	LT+FFT	58	41	652	246
86	8	MT	14	19	1075	245
86	16	LT+FFT	29	21	569	202
86	16	MT	8.8	11	737	150
86	24	LT+FFT	20	14	539	196
86	24	MT	6.1	8.6	625	108
128	8	LT+FFT	14	11	262	86
128	8	MT	1.2	3.3	196	39
128	16	LT+FFT	7.6	5.7	234	80
128	16	MT	1.2	2.1	136	23
128	24	LT+FFT	5.5	3.6	221	76
128	24	MT	1.0	1.6	116	17
171	8	LT+FFT	5.7	3.9	136	44
171	16	LT+FFT	3.1	2.1	122	41
171	24	LT+FFT	1.9	1.4	110	38
256	8	LT+FFT	1.4	1.0	52	16
256	16	LT+FFT	0.8	0.5	44	13
256	24	LT+FFT	0.5	0.3	38	11

Architecture: `cpu-arm`

Created for SpeedyWeather.jl v0.23.0 on Tue, 06 Oct 2026 12:25:03.

Machine details — cpu-arm

julia

julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.12.6
Commit 15346901f00 (2026-04-09 19:20 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org release
Platform Info:
  OS: macOS (arm64-apple-darwin24.0.0)
  CPU: 8 × Apple M3
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-18.1.7 (ORCJIT, apple-m3)
  GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 4 virtual cores)

Models, default setups — cpu-arm

Model	truncation	L	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
BarotropicModel	32	1	false	1800	33737	725.53 KB
ShallowWaterModel	32	1	false	2400	30728	907.89 KB
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	true	2400	2063	4.78 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	true	2400	1275	5.82 MB

Shallow water model, resolution — cpu-arm

Model	truncation	L	Rings	Δt	SYPD	Memory
ShallowWaterModel	32	1	48	2400	35956	907.89 KB
ShallowWaterModel	43	1	64	1800	14935	1.59 MB
ShallowWaterModel	64	1	96	1200	4135	3.57 MB
ShallowWaterModel	86	1	128	900	1595	6.49 MB
ShallowWaterModel	128	1	192	600	376	15.36 MB
ShallowWaterModel	171	1	256	450	127	29.00 MB
ShallowWaterModel	256	1	384	300	27	73.09 MB

Primitive wet model, resolution — cpu-arm

Model	truncation	L	Rings	Transform	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	48	default	2400	1308	5.82 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	43	8	64	default	1800	559	9.82 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	96	default	1200	152	20.87 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	8	128	default	900	58	36.31 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	8	192	default	600	14	79.95 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	171	8	256	default	450	5.7	141.86 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	256	8	384	default	300	1.4	322.22 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	16	128	default	900	29	62.14 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	16	192	default	600	7.6	135.95 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	171	16	256	default	450	3.1	239.79 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	256	16	384	default	300	0.8	538.55 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	24	128	default	900	20	88.01 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	24	192	default	600	5.5	192.01 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	171	24	256	default	450	1.9	337.81 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	256	24	384	default	300	0.5	755.00 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	48	matrix	2400	772	34.26 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	43	8	64	matrix	1800	253	92.95 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	96	matrix	1200	52	396.37 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	8	128	matrix	900	14	1.18 GB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	8	192	matrix	600	1.2	5.49 GB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	16	128	matrix	900	8.8	1.21 GB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	16	192	matrix	600	1.2	5.55 GB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	24	128	matrix	900	6.1	1.23 GB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	24	192	matrix	600	1.0	5.60 GB

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64 — cpu-arm

Model	NF	truncation	L	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	Float32	32	8	2400	1306	5.82 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	Float64	32	8	2400	1206	11.04 MB

Grids — cpu-arm

Model	truncation	L	Grid	Rings	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	FullGaussianGrid	96	1200	86	30.59 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	FullClenshawGrid	127	1200	61	51.09 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	OctahedralGaussianGrid	96	1200	154	20.87 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	OctahedralClenshawGrid	127	1200	92	32.77 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	HEALPixGrid	127	1200	95	24.19 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	OctaHEALPixGrid	127	1200	72	30.06 MB

Number of vertical layers — cpu-arm

Model	truncation	L	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	32	4	2400	2226	3.72 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	2400	1388	5.82 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	12	2400	972	7.93 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	16	2400	754	10.04 MB

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only — cpu-arm

Model	truncation	L	Dynamics	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	true	true	2400	2363	4.78 MB
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	true	false	2400	3957	4.78 MB
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	false	true	2400	2631	4.78 MB

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only — cpu-arm

Model	truncation	L	Dynamics	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	true	true	2400	1371	5.82 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	true	false	2400	3048	5.82 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	false	true	2400	1531	5.82 MB

Individual dynamics functions — cpu-arm

PrimitiveWetModel | Float32 | T31 L8 | OctahedralGaussianGrid | 48 Rings — cpu-arm

Function	Time	Memory	Allocations
pressure_gradient_flux!	41.458 μs	31.98 KiB	200
linear_virtual_temperature!	2.069 μs	0 bytes	0
geopotential!	7.521 μs	384 bytes	6
vertical_integration!	14.583 μs	0 bytes	0
surface_pressure_tendency!	11.625 μs	15.66 KiB	96
vertical_velocity!	23.333 μs	0 bytes	0
linear_pressure_gradient!	2.079 μs	0 bytes	0
vertical_advection!	110.167 μs	2.44 KiB	32
vordiv_tendencies!	224.584 μs	231.83 KiB	284
temperature_tendency!	291.333 μs	344.77 KiB	401
humidity_tendency!	280.000 μs	344.09 KiB	396
bernoulli_potential!	91.833 μs	114.28 KiB	129

Architecture: `cpu-x86`

Created for SpeedyWeather.jl v0.23.0 on Tue, 06 Oct 2026 14:40:04.

Machine details — cpu-x86

julia

julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.12.2
Commit ca9b6662be4 (2025-11-20 16:25 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org release
Platform Info:
  OS: Linux (x86_64-linux-gnu)
  CPU: 128 × AMD EPYC 9554 64-Core Processor
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-18.1.7 (ORCJIT, znver4)
  GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 128 virtual cores)
Environment:
  LD_LIBRARY_PATH = /usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib:

Models, default setups — cpu-x86

Model	truncation	L	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
BarotropicModel	32	1	false	1800	24493	725.64 KB
ShallowWaterModel	32	1	false	2400	18290	908.00 KB
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	true	2400	1338	4.78 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	true	2400	866	5.82 MB

Shallow water model, resolution — cpu-x86

Model	truncation	L	Rings	Δt	SYPD	Memory
ShallowWaterModel	32	1	48	2400	18696	908.00 KB
ShallowWaterModel	43	1	64	1800	8417	1.59 MB
ShallowWaterModel	64	1	96	1200	2171	3.57 MB
ShallowWaterModel	86	1	128	900	904	6.49 MB
ShallowWaterModel	128	1	192	600	232	15.36 MB
ShallowWaterModel	171	1	256	450	85	29.00 MB
ShallowWaterModel	256	1	384	300	18	73.09 MB

Primitive wet model, resolution — cpu-x86

Model	truncation	L	Rings	Transform	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	48	default	2400	862	5.82 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	43	8	64	default	1800	368	9.82 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	96	default	1200	107	20.88 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	8	128	default	900	41	36.31 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	8	192	default	600	11	79.95 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	171	8	256	default	450	3.9	141.86 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	256	8	384	default	300	1.0	322.22 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	16	128	default	900	21	62.14 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	16	192	default	600	5.7	135.95 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	171	16	256	default	450	2.1	239.79 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	256	16	384	default	300	0.5	538.55 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	24	128	default	900	14	88.01 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	24	192	default	600	3.6	192.01 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	171	24	256	default	450	1.4	337.81 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	256	24	384	default	300	0.3	755.00 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	48	matrix	2400	887	34.26 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	43	8	64	matrix	1800	308	92.95 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	96	matrix	1200	63	396.37 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	8	128	matrix	900	19	1.18 GB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	8	192	matrix	600	3.3	5.49 GB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	16	128	matrix	900	11	1.21 GB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	16	192	matrix	600	2.1	5.55 GB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	24	128	matrix	900	8.6	1.23 GB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	24	192	matrix	600	1.6	5.60 GB

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64 — cpu-x86

Model	NF	truncation	L	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	Float32	32	8	2400	870	5.82 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	Float64	32	8	2400	695	11.04 MB

Grids — cpu-x86

Model	truncation	L	Grid	Rings	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	FullGaussianGrid	96	1200	71	30.59 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	FullClenshawGrid	127	1200	42	51.09 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	OctahedralGaussianGrid	96	1200	108	20.88 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	OctahedralClenshawGrid	127	1200	58	32.77 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	HEALPixGrid	127	1200	87	24.19 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	OctaHEALPixGrid	127	1200	54	30.06 MB

Number of vertical layers — cpu-x86

Model	truncation	L	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	32	4	2400	1310	3.72 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	2400	855	5.82 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	12	2400	610	7.93 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	16	2400	469	10.04 MB

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only — cpu-x86

Model	truncation	L	Dynamics	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	true	true	2400	1353	4.78 MB
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	true	false	2400	2276	4.78 MB
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	false	true	2400	1499	4.78 MB

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only — cpu-x86

Model	truncation	L	Dynamics	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	true	true	2400	861	5.82 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	true	false	2400	1733	5.82 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	false	true	2400	973	5.82 MB

Individual dynamics functions — cpu-x86

PrimitiveWetModel | Float32 | T31 L8 | OctahedralGaussianGrid | 48 Rings — cpu-x86

Function	Time	Memory	Allocations
pressure_gradient_flux!	69.340 μs	31.98 KiB	200
linear_virtual_temperature!	3.401 μs	0 bytes	0
geopotential!	9.990 μs	384 bytes	6
vertical_integration!	13.590 μs	0 bytes	0
surface_pressure_tendency!	18.490 μs	15.66 KiB	96
vertical_velocity!	59.720 μs	0 bytes	0
linear_pressure_gradient!	3.099 μs	0 bytes	0
vertical_advection!	160.399 μs	2.44 KiB	32
vordiv_tendencies!	403.267 μs	218.48 KiB	284
temperature_tendency!	515.327 μs	324.75 KiB	401
humidity_tendency!	497.697 μs	324.08 KiB	396
bernoulli_potential!	162.949 μs	107.61 KiB	129

Architecture: `gpu-nvidia`

Created for SpeedyWeather.jl v0.23.0 on Tue, 06 Oct 2026 13:18:27.

Machine details — gpu-nvidia

julia

julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.12.2
Commit ca9b6662be4 (2025-11-20 16:25 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org release
Platform Info:
  OS: Linux (x86_64-linux-gnu)
  CPU: 128 × AMD EPYC 9554 64-Core Processor
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-18.1.7 (ORCJIT, znver4)
  GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 128 virtual cores)
Environment:
  LD_LIBRARY_PATH = /usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib:

julia

julia> CUDA.versioninfo()
CUDA toolchain: 
- runtime 13.3.0, artifact installation
- driver 580.126.9 for 13.3
- compiler 13.3.33, artifact installation

CUDA libraries: 
- cuBLAS: 13.6.0
- cuSPARSE: 12.8.2
- cuSOLVER: 12.2.6
- cuFFT: 12.3.0
- cuRAND: 10.4.3
- CUPTI: 2026.2.1 (API 13.3.1)
- NVML: 13.0.0+580.126.9

Julia packages: 
- CUDACore: 6.2.2
- GPUArrays: 11.5.16
- GPUCompiler: 1.23.0
- KernelAbstractions: 0.9.43
- CUDA_Driver_jll: 13.3.1+0
- CUDA_Compiler_jll: 0.4.4+1
- CUDA_Runtime_jll: 0.23.0+1
- NVPTX_LLVM_Backend_jll: 22.1.7+1

Toolchain:
- Julia: 1.12.2
- LLVM: 18.1.7

1 device:
  0: NVIDIA H100 80GB HBM3 (sm_90, 77.876 GiB / 79.647 GiB available)
     compiles to sm_90a / PTX 9.3 (LLVM: sm_90a / PTX 9.0)

Models, default setups — gpu-nvidia

Model	truncation	L	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
BarotropicModel	32	1	false	1800	10929	428.76 KB
ShallowWaterModel	32	1	false	2400	11949	432.34 KB
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	true	2400	7157	576.63 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	true	2400	5723	582.93 KB

Shallow water model, resolution — gpu-nvidia

Model	truncation	L	Rings	Δt	SYPD	Memory
ShallowWaterModel	32	1	48	2400	11638	432.34 KB
ShallowWaterModel	43	1	64	1800	8377	744.92 KB
ShallowWaterModel	64	1	96	1200	3997	1.63 MB
ShallowWaterModel	86	1	128	900	701	3.07 MB
ShallowWaterModel	128	1	192	600	292	6.70 MB
ShallowWaterModel	171	1	256	450	126	11.74 MB
ShallowWaterModel	256	1	384	300	50	26.06 MB

Primitive wet model, resolution — gpu-nvidia

Model	truncation	L	Rings	Transform	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	48	default	2400	5291	582.93 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	43	8	64	default	1800	4342	995.85 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	96	default	1200	2920	2.17 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	8	128	default	900	652	4.07 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	8	192	default	600	262	8.88 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	171	8	256	default	450	136	15.56 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	256	8	384	default	300	52	34.53 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	16	128	default	900	569	5.12 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	16	192	default	600	234	11.24 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	171	16	256	default	450	122	19.76 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	256	16	384	default	300	44	43.96 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	24	128	default	900	539	6.17 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	24	192	default	600	221	13.60 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	171	24	256	default	450	110	23.95 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	256	24	384	default	300	38	53.40 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	48	matrix	2400	5211	582.93 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	43	8	64	matrix	1800	4334	995.85 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	96	matrix	1200	2928	2.17 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	8	128	matrix	900	1075	3.81 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	8	192	matrix	600	196	8.50 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	16	128	matrix	900	737	4.86 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	16	192	matrix	600	136	10.86 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	24	128	matrix	900	625	5.91 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	24	192	matrix	600	116	13.22 MB

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64 — gpu-nvidia

Model	NF	truncation	L	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	Float32	32	8	2400	5100	582.93 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	Float64	32	8	2400	4612	583.52 KB

Grids — gpu-nvidia

Model	truncation	L	Grid	Rings	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	FullGaussianGrid	96	1200	2163	2.26 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	FullClenshawGrid	127	1200	1504	3.95 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	OctahedralGaussianGrid	96	1200	2938	2.17 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	OctahedralClenshawGrid	127	1200	2182	3.78 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	HEALPixGrid	127	1200	2743	3.71 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	OctaHEALPixGrid	127	1200	2445	3.76 MB

Number of vertical layers — gpu-nvidia

Model	truncation	L	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	32	4	2400	5185	509.20 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	2400	5831	582.93 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	12	2400	4630	656.65 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	16	2400	6102	730.38 KB

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only — gpu-nvidia

Model	truncation	L	Dynamics	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	true	true	2400	7567	576.63 KB
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	true	false	2400	8917	576.63 KB
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	false	true	2400	13993	576.63 KB

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only — gpu-nvidia

Model	truncation	L	Dynamics	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	true	true	2400	5425	582.93 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	true	false	2400	7309	582.93 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	false	true	2400	9307	582.93 KB

Individual dynamics functions — gpu-nvidia

PrimitiveWetModel | Float32 | T31 L8 | OctahedralGaussianGrid | 48 Rings — gpu-nvidia

Function	Time	Memory	Allocations
pressure_gradient_flux!	68.870 μs	13.94 KiB	306
linear_virtual_temperature!	12.860 μs	2.77 KiB	52
geopotential!	19.060 μs	3.73 KiB	101
vertical_integration!	27.300 μs	7.20 KiB	143
surface_pressure_tendency!	N/A	N/A	N/A
vertical_velocity!	24.730 μs	8.45 KiB	191
linear_pressure_gradient!	12.630 μs	2.34 KiB	50
vertical_advection!	24.310 μs	9.09 KiB	142
vordiv_tendencies!	N/A	N/A	N/A
temperature_tendency!	N/A	N/A	N/A
humidity_tendency!	N/A	N/A	N/A
bernoulli_potential!	N/A	N/A	N/A

Architecture: `gpu-amd`

Created for SpeedyWeather.jl v0.22.1 on Tue, 29 Sep 2026 16:46:03.

Machine details — gpu-amd

julia

julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.12.7
Commit 6d172b025e4 (2026-08-15 08:05 UTC)
Build Info:
  Official https://julialang.org release
Platform Info:
  OS: Linux (x86_64-linux-gnu)
  CPU: 128 × AMD EPYC 7A53 64-Core Processor
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LLVM: libLLVM-18.1.7 (ORCJIT, znver3)
  GC: Built with stock GC
Threads: 1 default, 1 interactive, 1 GC (on 128 virtual cores)
Environment:
  LD_LIBRARY_PATH = /opt/cray/pe/papi/7.2.0.1/lib64:/opt/cray/libfabric/1.22.0/lib64
  JULIA_DEPOT_PATH = /projappl/project_462000008/decristoforo/.julia:

julia

julia> AMDGPU.versioninfo()
AMDGPU versioninfo
(AMDGPU.versioninfo() failed: ErrorException("could not load symbol \"hiptensorGetVersion\":\n/opt/rocm-6.3.4/lib/libhiptensor.so: undefined symbol: hiptensorGetVersion"))

Models, default setups — gpu-amd

Model	truncation	L	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
BarotropicModel	32	1	false	1800	9483	436.34 KB
ShallowWaterModel	32	1	false	2400	7389	440.48 KB
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	true	2400	4148	590.11 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	true	2400	3790	596.78 KB

Shallow water model, resolution — gpu-amd

Model	truncation	L	Rings	Δt	SYPD	Memory
ShallowWaterModel	32	1	48	2400	8214	440.48 KB
ShallowWaterModel	43	1	64	1800	4029	753.06 KB
ShallowWaterModel	64	1	96	1200	1038	1.64 MB
ShallowWaterModel	86	1	128	900	84	3.26 MB
ShallowWaterModel	128	1	192	600	37	6.98 MB
ShallowWaterModel	171	1	256	450	20	12.12 MB
ShallowWaterModel	256	1	384	300	9.0	26.62 MB

Primitive wet model, resolution — gpu-amd

Model	truncation	L	Rings	Transform	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	48	default	2400	3763	596.78 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	43	8	64	default	1800	2149	1.01 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	96	default	1200	828	2.19 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	8	128	default	900	246	4.35 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	8	192	default	600	86	9.30 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	171	8	256	default	450	44	16.12 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	256	8	384	default	300	16	35.35 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	16	128	default	900	202	5.40 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	16	192	default	600	80	11.66 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	171	16	256	default	450	41	20.31 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	256	16	384	default	300	13	44.79 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	24	128	default	900	196	6.45 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	24	192	default	600	76	14.02 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	171	24	256	default	450	38	24.50 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	256	24	384	default	300	11	54.22 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	48	matrix	2400	3696	596.78 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	43	8	64	matrix	1800	2830	1.01 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	96	matrix	1200	826	2.19 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	8	128	matrix	900	245	3.83 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	8	192	matrix	600	39	8.52 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	16	128	matrix	900	150	4.88 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	16	192	matrix	600	23	10.87 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	86	24	128	matrix	900	108	5.93 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	128	24	192	matrix	600	17	13.23 MB

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64 — gpu-amd

Model	NF	truncation	L	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	Float32	32	8	2400	3701	596.78 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	Float64	32	8	2400	3101	597.37 KB

Grids — gpu-amd

Model	truncation	L	Grid	Rings	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	FullGaussianGrid	96	1200	515	2.28 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	FullClenshawGrid	127	1200	325	3.97 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	OctahedralGaussianGrid	96	1200	826	2.19 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	OctahedralClenshawGrid	127	1200	509	3.80 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	HEALPixGrid	127	1200	742	3.72 MB
PrimitiveWetModel	64	8	OctaHEALPixGrid	127	1200	566	3.77 MB

Number of vertical layers — gpu-amd

Model	truncation	L	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	32	4	2400	3890	523.05 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	2400	3935	596.78 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	12	2400	3801	670.51 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	16	2400	3653	744.24 KB

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only — gpu-amd

Model	truncation	L	Dynamics	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	true	true	2400	4635	590.11 KB
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	true	false	2400	5238	590.11 KB
PrimitiveDryModel	32	8	false	true	2400	8782	590.11 KB

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only — gpu-amd

Model	truncation	L	Dynamics	Physics	Δt	SYPD	Memory
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	true	true	2400	3830	596.78 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	true	false	2400	4740	596.78 KB
PrimitiveWetModel	32	8	false	true	2400	7114	596.78 KB

Individual dynamics functions — gpu-amd

PrimitiveWetModel | Float32 | T31 L8 | OctahedralGaussianGrid | 48 Rings — gpu-amd

Function	Time	Memory	Allocations
pressure_gradient_flux!	127.728 μs	19.23 KiB	421
linear_virtual_temperature!	26.051 μs	3.64 KiB	66
geopotential!	38.305 μs	5.06 KiB	129
vertical_integration!	55.427 μs	9.19 KiB	188
surface_pressure_tendency!	N/A	N/A	N/A
vertical_velocity!	48.564 μs	10.22 KiB	211
linear_pressure_gradient!	25.540 μs	3.27 KiB	66
vertical_advection!	52.752 μs	13.06 KiB	224
vordiv_tendencies!	N/A	N/A	N/A
temperature_tendency!	N/A	N/A	N/A
humidity_tendency!	N/A	N/A	N/A
bernoulli_potential!	N/A	N/A	N/A

Benchmarks ​

Overview: PrimitiveWet resolution across architectures ​

Architecture: cpu-arm ​

Machine details — cpu-arm ​

Models, default setups — cpu-arm ​

Shallow water model, resolution — cpu-arm ​

Primitive wet model, resolution — cpu-arm ​

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64 — cpu-arm ​

Grids — cpu-arm ​

Number of vertical layers — cpu-arm ​

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only — cpu-arm ​

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only — cpu-arm ​

Individual dynamics functions — cpu-arm ​

PrimitiveWetModel | Float32 | T31 L8 | OctahedralGaussianGrid | 48 Rings — cpu-arm ​

Architecture: cpu-x86 ​

Machine details — cpu-x86 ​

Models, default setups — cpu-x86 ​

Shallow water model, resolution — cpu-x86 ​

Primitive wet model, resolution — cpu-x86 ​

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64 — cpu-x86 ​

Grids — cpu-x86 ​

Number of vertical layers — cpu-x86 ​

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only — cpu-x86 ​

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only — cpu-x86 ​

Individual dynamics functions — cpu-x86 ​

PrimitiveWetModel | Float32 | T31 L8 | OctahedralGaussianGrid | 48 Rings — cpu-x86 ​

Architecture: gpu-nvidia ​

Machine details — gpu-nvidia ​

Models, default setups — gpu-nvidia ​

Shallow water model, resolution — gpu-nvidia ​

Primitive wet model, resolution — gpu-nvidia ​

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64 — gpu-nvidia ​

Grids — gpu-nvidia ​

Number of vertical layers — gpu-nvidia ​

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only — gpu-nvidia ​

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only — gpu-nvidia ​

Individual dynamics functions — gpu-nvidia ​

PrimitiveWetModel | Float32 | T31 L8 | OctahedralGaussianGrid | 48 Rings — gpu-nvidia ​

Architecture: gpu-amd ​

Machine details — gpu-amd ​

Models, default setups — gpu-amd ​

Shallow water model, resolution — gpu-amd ​

Primitive wet model, resolution — gpu-amd ​

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64 — gpu-amd ​

Grids — gpu-amd ​

Number of vertical layers — gpu-amd ​

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only — gpu-amd ​

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only — gpu-amd ​

Individual dynamics functions — gpu-amd ​

PrimitiveWetModel | Float32 | T31 L8 | OctahedralGaussianGrid | 48 Rings — gpu-amd ​

Benchmarks

Overview: PrimitiveWet resolution across architectures

Architecture: `cpu-arm`

Machine details — cpu-arm

Models, default setups — cpu-arm

Shallow water model, resolution — cpu-arm

Primitive wet model, resolution — cpu-arm

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64 — cpu-arm

Grids — cpu-arm

Number of vertical layers — cpu-arm

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only — cpu-arm

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only — cpu-arm

Individual dynamics functions — cpu-arm

PrimitiveWetModel | Float32 | T31 L8 | OctahedralGaussianGrid | 48 Rings — cpu-arm

Architecture: `cpu-x86`

Machine details — cpu-x86

Models, default setups — cpu-x86

Shallow water model, resolution — cpu-x86

Primitive wet model, resolution — cpu-x86

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64 — cpu-x86

Grids — cpu-x86

Number of vertical layers — cpu-x86

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only — cpu-x86

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only — cpu-x86

Individual dynamics functions — cpu-x86

PrimitiveWetModel | Float32 | T31 L8 | OctahedralGaussianGrid | 48 Rings — cpu-x86

Architecture: `gpu-nvidia`

Machine details — gpu-nvidia

Models, default setups — gpu-nvidia

Shallow water model, resolution — gpu-nvidia

Primitive wet model, resolution — gpu-nvidia

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64 — gpu-nvidia

Grids — gpu-nvidia

Number of vertical layers — gpu-nvidia

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only — gpu-nvidia

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only — gpu-nvidia

Individual dynamics functions — gpu-nvidia

PrimitiveWetModel | Float32 | T31 L8 | OctahedralGaussianGrid | 48 Rings — gpu-nvidia

Architecture: `gpu-amd`

Machine details — gpu-amd

Models, default setups — gpu-amd

Shallow water model, resolution — gpu-amd

Primitive wet model, resolution — gpu-amd

Primitive Equation, Float32 vs Float64 — gpu-amd

Grids — gpu-amd

Number of vertical layers — gpu-amd

PrimitiveDryModel: Physics or dynamics only — gpu-amd

PrimitiveWetModel: Physics or dynamics only — gpu-amd

Individual dynamics functions — gpu-amd

PrimitiveWetModel | Float32 | T31 L8 | OctahedralGaussianGrid | 48 Rings — gpu-amd